The guidance in this article is aimed at enterprise owners, organization owners, security managers and security teams. However, you will need to have the enterprise owner role to enable several of the features referenced in this article.
Introduction
When a security incident occurs, the ability to investigate what happened, understand the scope of impact, and contain the threat depends on having the right tools and processes already in place. This article brings together the key actions you should take before an incident occurs so that your team is equipped to respond quickly and effectively.
Set up critical tools in advance
The following investigative tooling is not available by default when you set up your GitHub enterprise. We strongly recommend enabling these features before any incident occurs.
These controls are critical for incident response, compliance, and operational transparency. Without them, your team can have major visibility gaps during an investigation, especially for API activity, Git activity, and long-running incidents where you need historical data.
Audit log streaming
You should stream the enterprise audit logs to a Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) system. This keeps a copy of your audit log data (including both audit events and Git events) in a system where you can run complex queries across large volumes of data and retain data beyond default retention periods.
This is critical in an incident because some high-value events are not visible in the GitHub audit log web UI, and logs are only available for a limited time unless you export and retain them externally.
With streamed logs, enterprise and organization owners can independently investigate activity from users, apps, tokens, and SSH keys, instead of depending on ad hoc data collection during an active response.
To set up audit log streaming, see 엔터프라이즈에 대한 감사 로그 스트리밍.
Stream API request events
By default, the audit log stream won't include API request events. Enable API request streaming so that you can detect and investigate unauthorized API access or data exfiltration by compromised tokens or apps.
See Enabling audit log streaming of API requests.
Display IP addresses
By default, GitHub doesn't show source IP addresses in the enterprise audit log. During an investigation, source IPs help you verify whether activity from an actor (a user or app) came from a trusted or unfamiliar address.
Enterprises on GitHub Enterprise Cloud can enable IP address disclosure, see 엔터프라이즈의 감사 로그에 IP 주소 표시.
Retain identity provider logs
If your enterprise uses SAML or OIDC authentication, adopt a similar retention strategy for your IdP logs.
Retained IdP logs help you investigate authentication activity and review provisioning and deprovisioning events over longer time windows, including incidents that unfold over months.
Familiarize yourself with tooling, limitations and common investigation areas
Before an incident occurs, review the GitHub tools and surfaces you can use during an investigation, and understand each tool's capabilities and limitations.
Familiarize yourself with:
- GitHub tools and surfaces for investigations, including their limitations. See Investigation tools for security incidents.
- Key procedures for using the audit log during a security threat, such as 액세스 토큰에 의해 수행되는 감사 로그 이벤트 식별.
- Common investigation areas and the checks you can perform for specific threat signals. See Common security incident investigation areas.
Familiarize yourself with containment strategies
Before an incident occurs, review the immediate containment actions you might need. Planning these actions in advance with your security and operations teams helps you respond quickly, and means you can include clear guidance in your Security Incident Response Plan (SIRP).
Familiarize yourself with:
- Common containment actions on GitHub, such as revoking credentials, enabling an IP allow list, suspending users, and other access disablement actions. See Contain the threat.
- Revocation options for each type of credential that can programmatically access GitHub. See GitHub 자격 증명 형식 참조.
- For enterprises on GitHub Enterprise Cloud: the bulk emergency actions available to enterprise owners in a major incident, such as locking down SSO and deleting all user tokens and keys. See 엔터프라이즈의 보안 인시던트에 대응.
Prepare a Security Incident Response Plan (SIRP)
Create and maintain an up-to-date Security Incident Response Plan (SIRP) for your enterprise.
Your plan should define:
- Roles and responsibilities
- Escalation paths
- Communication protocols
- Severity classification criteria
- Step-by-step response procedures for common threat types
Copilot can help you draft and refine this plan based on your team's needs and resources.
For guidance, see What is incident response.