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Reentrega automática de entregas fallidas para un webhook de una aplicación de GitHub

Puedes escribir un script para gestionar las entregas fallidas de un webhook de GitHub App.

Acerca de la reentrega automática de entregas erróneas

En este artículo se describe cómo escribir un script para buscar y volver a entregar entregas con errores para un webhook de GitHub App. Para más información sobre las entregas erróneas, consulta Gestión de entregas fallidas de webhooks.

Este ejemplo te muestra:

  • Un script que buscará y reenviará las entregas fallidas para un webhook de GitHub App
  • Qué credenciales necesitará tu script y cómo almacenarlas de manera segura como secretos de GitHub Actions.
  • Un flujo de trabajo de GitHub Actions que puede acceder de forma segura a tus credenciales y ejecutar el script de manera periódica

Este ejemplo usa GitHub Actions, pero también puedes ejecutar este script en el servidor que gestiona las entregas de webhook. Para obtener más información, consulta Métodos alternativos.

Almacenamiento de credenciales para el script

Los puntos de conexión para buscar y volver a entregar webhooks requieren un token web JSON, que se genera a partir del identificador de aplicación y la clave privada de la aplicación.

Los puntos de conexión para capturar y actualizar el valor de las variables de entorno requieren un personal access token, un token de acceso de instalación de GitHub App o un token de acceso de usuario de GitHub App. Este ejemplo usa un personal access token. Si GitHub App está instalada en el repositorio donde se ejecutará este flujo de trabajo y tiene permiso para escribir variables de repositorio, puedes modificar este ejemplo para crear un token de acceso de instalación durante el flujo de trabajo de GitHub Actions en lugar de usar un personal access token. Para más información, consulta Realización de solicitudes de API autenticadas con una aplicación de GitHub en un flujo de trabajo de GitHub Actions.

  1. Busca el identificador de la aplicación GitHub App. Puedes encontrar el id. de la aplicación en la página de configuración de la aplicación. El id. de la aplicación es diferente del id. de cliente. Para más información sobre cómo acceder a la página de configuración en tu GitHub App, consulta Modificación de un registro de aplicación de GitHub.
  2. Almacena el identificador de aplicación del paso anterior como un secreto de GitHub Actions en el repositorio donde deseas que se ejecute el flujo de trabajo. Para obtener más información sobre cómo almacenar secretos, consulta Uso de secretos en Acciones de GitHub.
  3. Generar una llave privada para tu app. Para obtener más información sobre cómo generar una clave privada, consulte Administración de claves privadas para aplicaciones de GitHub.
  4. Almacena la clave privada, incluidas -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- y -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----, del paso anterior como un secreto de GitHub Actions en el repositorio donde deseas que se ejecute el flujo de trabajo.
  5. Cree un personal access token con los siguientes permisos de acceso. Para más información, consulta Administración de tokens de acceso personal.
    • Para un fine-grained personal access token, otorgue el token:
      • Acceso de escritura al permiso de variables del repositorio
      • Acceder al repositorio donde se ejecutará este flujo de trabajo
    • Para un personal access token (classic), otorgue al token el ámbito repo.
  6. Almacena tu personal access token del paso anterior como un secreto de GitHub Actions en el repositorio donde deseas que se ejecute el flujo de trabajo.

Agregar un flujo de trabajo que ejecutará el script

En esta sección se muestra cómo puede usar un flujo de trabajo de GitHub Actions para acceder de forma segura a las credenciales almacenadas en la sección anterior, establecer variables de entorno y ejecutar periódicamente un script para buscar y volver a entregar las entregas con errores.

Copie este flujo de trabajo de GitHub Actions en un archivo YAML en el directorio .github/workflows en el repositorio donde desea que se ejecute el flujo de trabajo. Reemplace los marcadores de posición en el paso Run script como se describe a continuación.

YAML
name: Redeliver failed webhook deliveries
on:
  schedule:
    - cron: '40 */6 * * *'
  workflow_dispatch:

This workflow runs every 6 hours or when manually triggered.

permissions:
  contents: read

This workflow will use the built in GITHUB_TOKEN to check out the repository contents. This grants GITHUB_TOKEN permission to do that.

jobs:
  redeliver-failed-deliveries:
    name: Redeliver failed deliveries
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Check out repo content
        uses: actions/checkout@v5

This workflow will run a script that is stored in the repository. This step checks out the repository contents so that the workflow can access the script.

      - name: Setup Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: '20.x'

This step sets up Node.js. The script that this workflow will run uses Node.js.

      - name: Install dependencies
        run: npm install octokit

This step installs the octokit library. The script that this workflow will run uses the octokit library.

      - name: Run script
        env:
          APP_ID: ${{ secrets.YOUR_APP_ID_SECRET_NAME }}
          PRIVATE_KEY: ${{ secrets.YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY_SECRET_NAME }}
          TOKEN: ${{ secrets.YOUR_TOKEN_SECRET_NAME }}
          LAST_REDELIVERY_VARIABLE_NAME: 'YOUR_LAST_REDELIVERY_VARIABLE_NAME'
          HOSTNAME: 'YOUR_HOSTNAME'
          WORKFLOW_REPO: ${{ github.event.repository.name }}
          WORKFLOW_REPO_OWNER: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
        run: |
          node .github/workflows/scripts/redeliver-failed-deliveries.mjs

This step sets some environment variables, then runs a script to find and redeliver failed webhook deliveries.

  • Replace YOUR_APP_ID_SECRET_NAME with the name of the secret where you stored your app ID.
  • Replace YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY_SECRET_NAME with the name of the secret where you stored your private key.
  • Replace YOUR_TOKEN_SECRET_NAME with the name of the secret where you stored your personal access token.
  • Replace YOUR_LAST_REDELIVERY_VARIABLE_NAME with the name that you want to use for a configuration variable that will be stored in the repository where this workflow is stored. The name can be any string that contains only alphanumeric characters and _, and does not start with GITHUB_ or a number. For more information, see Store information in variables.
  • Replace YOUR_HOSTNAME with the name of tu instancia de GitHub Enterprise Server.
#
name: Redeliver failed webhook deliveries

# This workflow runs every 6 hours or when manually triggered.
on:
  schedule:
    - cron: '40 */6 * * *'
  workflow_dispatch:

# This workflow will use the built in `GITHUB_TOKEN` to check out the repository contents. This grants `GITHUB_TOKEN` permission to do that.
permissions:
  contents: read

#
jobs:
  redeliver-failed-deliveries:
    name: Redeliver failed deliveries
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      # This workflow will run a script that is stored in the repository. This step checks out the repository contents so that the workflow can access the script.
      - name: Check out repo content
        uses: actions/checkout@v5

      # This step sets up Node.js. The script that this workflow will run uses Node.js.
      - name: Setup Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: '20.x'

      # This step installs the octokit library. The script that this workflow will run uses the octokit library.
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: npm install octokit

      # This step sets some environment variables, then runs a script to find and redeliver failed webhook deliveries.
      # - Replace `YOUR_APP_ID_SECRET_NAME` with the name of the secret where you stored your app ID.
      # - Replace `YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY_SECRET_NAME` with the name of the secret where you stored your private key.
      # - Replace `YOUR_TOKEN_SECRET_NAME` with the name of the secret where you stored your personal access token.
      # - Replace `YOUR_LAST_REDELIVERY_VARIABLE_NAME` with the name that you want to use for a configuration variable that will be stored in the repository where this workflow is stored. The name can be any string that contains only alphanumeric characters and `_`, and does not start with `GITHUB_` or a number. For more information, see [AUTOTITLE](/actions/learn-github-actions/variables#defining-configuration-variables-for-multiple-workflows).
      # - Replace `YOUR_HOSTNAME` with the name of tu instancia de GitHub Enterprise Server.
      - name: Run script
        env:
          APP_ID: ${{ secrets.YOUR_APP_ID_SECRET_NAME }}
          PRIVATE_KEY: ${{ secrets.YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY_SECRET_NAME }}
          TOKEN: ${{ secrets.YOUR_TOKEN_SECRET_NAME }}
          LAST_REDELIVERY_VARIABLE_NAME: 'YOUR_LAST_REDELIVERY_VARIABLE_NAME'
          HOSTNAME: 'YOUR_HOSTNAME'
          WORKFLOW_REPO: ${{ github.event.repository.name }}
          WORKFLOW_REPO_OWNER: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
        run: |
          node .github/workflows/scripts/redeliver-failed-deliveries.mjs

Añadir el script

En esta sección se muestra cómo puedes escribir un script para buscar y volver a entregar entregas fallidas.

Copie este script en un archivo llamado .github/workflows/scripts/redeliver-failed-deliveries.mjs en el mismo repositorio donde guardó el archivo de flujo de trabajo GitHub Actions anterior.

JavaScript
import { App, Octokit } from "octokit";

This script uses GitHub's Octokit SDK to make API requests. For more information, see AUTOTITLE.

async function checkAndRedeliverWebhooks() {
  const APP_ID = process.env.APP_ID;
  const PRIVATE_KEY = process.env.PRIVATE_KEY;
  const TOKEN = process.env.TOKEN;
  const LAST_REDELIVERY_VARIABLE_NAME = process.env.LAST_REDELIVERY_VARIABLE_NAME;
  const HOSTNAME = process.env.HOSTNAME;
  const WORKFLOW_REPO_NAME = process.env.WORKFLOW_REPO;
  const WORKFLOW_REPO_OWNER = process.env.WORKFLOW_REPO_OWNER;

Get the values of environment variables that were set by the GitHub Actions workflow.

  const app = new App({
    appId: APP_ID,
    privateKey: PRIVATE_KEY,
    Octokit: Octokit.defaults({
      baseUrl: "http(s)://HOSTNAME/api/v3",
    }),
  });

Create an instance of the octokit App using the app ID, private key, and hostname values that were set in the GitHub Actions workflow.

This will be used to make API requests to the webhook-related endpoints.

  const octokit = new Octokit({ 
    baseUrl: "http(s)://HOSTNAME/api/v3",
    auth: TOKEN,
  });
  try {

Create an instance of Octokit using the token and hostname values that were set in the GitHub Actions workflow.

This will be used to update the configuration variable that stores the last time that this script ran.

    const lastStoredRedeliveryTime = await getVariable({
      variableName: LAST_REDELIVERY_VARIABLE_NAME,
      repoOwner: WORKFLOW_REPO_OWNER,
      repoName: WORKFLOW_REPO_NAME,
      octokit,
    });
    const lastWebhookRedeliveryTime = lastStoredRedeliveryTime || (Date.now() - (24 * 60 * 60 * 1000)).toString();

Get the last time that this script ran from the configuration variable. If the variable is not defined, use the current time minus 24 hours.

    const newWebhookRedeliveryTime = Date.now().toString();

Record the time that this script started redelivering webhooks.

    const deliveries = await fetchWebhookDeliveriesSince({lastWebhookRedeliveryTime, app});

Get the webhook deliveries that were delivered after lastWebhookRedeliveryTime.

    let deliveriesByGuid = {};
    for (const delivery of deliveries) {
      deliveriesByGuid[delivery.guid]
        ? deliveriesByGuid[delivery.guid].push(delivery)
        : (deliveriesByGuid[delivery.guid] = [delivery]);
    }

Consolidate deliveries that have the same globally unique identifier (GUID). The GUID is constant across redeliveries of the same delivery.

    let failedDeliveryIDs = [];
    for (const guid in deliveriesByGuid) {
      const deliveries = deliveriesByGuid[guid];
      const anySucceeded = deliveries.some(
        (delivery) => delivery.status === "OK"
      );
      if (!anySucceeded) {
        failedDeliveryIDs.push(deliveries[0].id);
      }
    }

For each GUID value, if no deliveries for that GUID have been successfully delivered within the time frame, get the delivery ID of one of the deliveries with that GUID.

This will prevent duplicate redeliveries if a delivery has failed multiple times. This will also prevent redelivery of failed deliveries that have already been successfully redelivered.

    for (const deliveryId of failedDeliveryIDs) {
      await redeliverWebhook({deliveryId, app});
    }

Redeliver any failed deliveries.

    await updateVariable({
      variableName: LAST_REDELIVERY_VARIABLE_NAME,
      value: newWebhookRedeliveryTime,
      variableExists: Boolean(lastStoredRedeliveryTime),
      repoOwner: WORKFLOW_REPO_OWNER,
      repoName: WORKFLOW_REPO_NAME,
      octokit,
      });

Update the configuration variable (or create the variable if it doesn't already exist) to store the time that this script started. This value will be used next time this script runs.

    console.log(
      `Redelivered ${
        failedDeliveryIDs.length
      } failed webhook deliveries out of ${
        deliveries.length
      } total deliveries since ${Date(lastWebhookRedeliveryTime)}.`
    );
  } catch (error) {

Log the number of redeliveries.

    if (error.response) {
      console.error(
        `Failed to check and redeliver webhooks: ${error.response.data.message}`
      );
    }
    console.error(error);
    throw(error);
  }
}

If there was an error, log the error so that it appears in the workflow run log, then throw the error so that the workflow run registers as a failure.

async function fetchWebhookDeliveriesSince({lastWebhookRedeliveryTime, app}) {
  const iterator = app.octokit.paginate.iterator(
    "GET /app/hook/deliveries",
    {
      per_page: 100,
      headers: {
        "x-github-api-version": "2022-11-28",
      },
    }
  );
  const deliveries = [];
  for await (const { data } of iterator) {
    const oldestDeliveryTimestamp = new Date(
      data[data.length - 1].delivered_at
    ).getTime();
    if (oldestDeliveryTimestamp < lastWebhookRedeliveryTime) {
      for (const delivery of data) {
        if (
          new Date(delivery.delivered_at).getTime() > lastWebhookRedeliveryTime
        ) {
          deliveries.push(delivery);
        } else {
          break;
        }
      }
      break;
    } else {
      deliveries.push(...data);
    }
  }
  return deliveries;
}

This function will fetch all of the webhook deliveries that were delivered since lastWebhookRedeliveryTime. It uses the octokit.paginate.iterator() method to iterate through paginated results. For more information, see AUTOTITLE.

If a page of results includes deliveries that occurred before lastWebhookRedeliveryTime, it will store only the deliveries that occurred after lastWebhookRedeliveryTime and then stop. Otherwise, it will store all of the deliveries from the page and request the next page.

async function redeliverWebhook({deliveryId, app}) {
  await app.octokit.request("POST /app/hook/deliveries/{delivery_id}/attempts", {
    delivery_id: deliveryId,
  });
}

This function will redeliver a failed webhook delivery.

async function getVariable({ variableName, repoOwner, repoName, octokit }) {
  try {
    const {
      data: { value },
    } = await octokit.request(
      "GET /repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/variables/{name}",
      {
        owner: repoOwner,
        repo: repoName,
        name: variableName,
      }
    );
    return value;
  } catch (error) {
    if (error.status === 404) {
      return undefined;
    } else {
      throw error;
    }
  }
}

This function gets the value of a configuration variable. If the variable does not exist, the endpoint returns a 404 response and this function returns undefined.

async function updateVariable({
  variableName,
  value,
  variableExists,
  repoOwner,
  repoName,
  octokit,
}) {
  if (variableExists) {
    await octokit.request(
      "PATCH /repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/variables/{name}",
      {
        owner: repoOwner,
        repo: repoName,
        name: variableName,
        value: value,
      }
    );
  } else {
    await octokit.request("POST /repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/variables", {
      owner: repoOwner,
      repo: repoName,
      name: variableName,
      value: value,
    });
  }
}

This function will update a configuration variable (or create the variable if it doesn't already exist). For more information, see Store information in variables.

(async () => {
  await checkAndRedeliverWebhooks();
})();

This will execute the checkAndRedeliverWebhooks function.

// This script uses GitHub's Octokit SDK to make API requests. For more information, see [AUTOTITLE](/rest/guides/scripting-with-the-rest-api-and-javascript).
import { App, Octokit } from "octokit";

//
async function checkAndRedeliverWebhooks() {
  // Get the values of environment variables that were set by the GitHub Actions workflow.
  const APP_ID = process.env.APP_ID;
  const PRIVATE_KEY = process.env.PRIVATE_KEY;
  const TOKEN = process.env.TOKEN;
  const LAST_REDELIVERY_VARIABLE_NAME = process.env.LAST_REDELIVERY_VARIABLE_NAME;
  const HOSTNAME = process.env.HOSTNAME;
  const WORKFLOW_REPO_NAME = process.env.WORKFLOW_REPO;
  const WORKFLOW_REPO_OWNER = process.env.WORKFLOW_REPO_OWNER;

  // Create an instance of the octokit `App` using the app ID, private key, and hostname values that were set in the GitHub Actions workflow.
  //
  // This will be used to make API requests to the webhook-related endpoints.
  const app = new App({
    appId: APP_ID,
    privateKey: PRIVATE_KEY,
    Octokit: Octokit.defaults({
      baseUrl: "http(s)://HOSTNAME/api/v3",
    }),
  });

  // Create an instance of `Octokit` using the token and hostname values that were set in the GitHub Actions workflow.
  //
  // This will be used to update the configuration variable that stores the last time that this script ran.
  const octokit = new Octokit({ 
    baseUrl: "http(s)://HOSTNAME/api/v3",
    auth: TOKEN,
  });

  try {
    // Get the last time that this script ran from the configuration variable. If the variable is not defined, use the current time minus 24 hours.
    const lastStoredRedeliveryTime = await getVariable({
      variableName: LAST_REDELIVERY_VARIABLE_NAME,
      repoOwner: WORKFLOW_REPO_OWNER,
      repoName: WORKFLOW_REPO_NAME,
      octokit,
    });
    const lastWebhookRedeliveryTime = lastStoredRedeliveryTime || (Date.now() - (24 * 60 * 60 * 1000)).toString();

    // Record the time that this script started redelivering webhooks.
    const newWebhookRedeliveryTime = Date.now().toString();

    // Get the webhook deliveries that were delivered after `lastWebhookRedeliveryTime`.
    const deliveries = await fetchWebhookDeliveriesSince({lastWebhookRedeliveryTime, app});

    // Consolidate deliveries that have the same globally unique identifier (GUID). The GUID is constant across redeliveries of the same delivery.
    let deliveriesByGuid = {};
    for (const delivery of deliveries) {
      deliveriesByGuid[delivery.guid]
        ? deliveriesByGuid[delivery.guid].push(delivery)
        : (deliveriesByGuid[delivery.guid] = [delivery]);
    }

    // For each GUID value, if no deliveries for that GUID have been successfully delivered within the time frame, get the delivery ID of one of the deliveries with that GUID.
    //
    // This will prevent duplicate redeliveries if a delivery has failed multiple times.
    // This will also prevent redelivery of failed deliveries that have already been successfully redelivered.
    let failedDeliveryIDs = [];
    for (const guid in deliveriesByGuid) {
      const deliveries = deliveriesByGuid[guid];
      const anySucceeded = deliveries.some(
        (delivery) => delivery.status === "OK"
      );
      if (!anySucceeded) {
        failedDeliveryIDs.push(deliveries[0].id);
      }
    }

    // Redeliver any failed deliveries.
    for (const deliveryId of failedDeliveryIDs) {
      await redeliverWebhook({deliveryId, app});
    }

    // Update the configuration variable (or create the variable if it doesn't already exist) to store the time that this script started.
    // This value will be used next time this script runs.
    await updateVariable({
      variableName: LAST_REDELIVERY_VARIABLE_NAME,
      value: newWebhookRedeliveryTime,
      variableExists: Boolean(lastStoredRedeliveryTime),
      repoOwner: WORKFLOW_REPO_OWNER,
      repoName: WORKFLOW_REPO_NAME,
      octokit,
      });

    // Log the number of redeliveries.
    console.log(
      `Redelivered ${
        failedDeliveryIDs.length
      } failed webhook deliveries out of ${
        deliveries.length
      } total deliveries since ${Date(lastWebhookRedeliveryTime)}.`
    );
  } catch (error) {
    // If there was an error, log the error so that it appears in the workflow run log, then throw the error so that the workflow run registers as a failure.
    if (error.response) {
      console.error(
        `Failed to check and redeliver webhooks: ${error.response.data.message}`
      );
    }
    console.error(error);
    throw(error);
  }
}

// This function will fetch all of the webhook deliveries that were delivered since `lastWebhookRedeliveryTime`.
// It uses the `octokit.paginate.iterator()` method to iterate through paginated results. For more information, see [AUTOTITLE](/rest/guides/scripting-with-the-rest-api-and-javascript#making-paginated-requests).
//
// If a page of results includes deliveries that occurred before `lastWebhookRedeliveryTime`,
// it will store only the deliveries that occurred after `lastWebhookRedeliveryTime` and then stop.
// Otherwise, it will store all of the deliveries from the page and request the next page.
async function fetchWebhookDeliveriesSince({lastWebhookRedeliveryTime, app}) {
  const iterator = app.octokit.paginate.iterator(
    "GET /app/hook/deliveries",
    {
      per_page: 100,
      headers: {
        "x-github-api-version": "2022-11-28",
      },
    }
  );

  const deliveries = [];

  for await (const { data } of iterator) {
    const oldestDeliveryTimestamp = new Date(
      data[data.length - 1].delivered_at
    ).getTime();

    if (oldestDeliveryTimestamp < lastWebhookRedeliveryTime) {
      for (const delivery of data) {
        if (
          new Date(delivery.delivered_at).getTime() > lastWebhookRedeliveryTime
        ) {
          deliveries.push(delivery);
        } else {
          break;
        }
      }
      break;
    } else {
      deliveries.push(...data);
    }
  }

  return deliveries;
}

// This function will redeliver a failed webhook delivery.
async function redeliverWebhook({deliveryId, app}) {
  await app.octokit.request("POST /app/hook/deliveries/{delivery_id}/attempts", {
    delivery_id: deliveryId,
  });
}

// This function gets the value of a configuration variable.
// If the variable does not exist, the endpoint returns a 404 response and this function returns `undefined`.
async function getVariable({ variableName, repoOwner, repoName, octokit }) {
  try {
    const {
      data: { value },
    } = await octokit.request(
      "GET /repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/variables/{name}",
      {
        owner: repoOwner,
        repo: repoName,
        name: variableName,
      }
    );
    return value;
  } catch (error) {
    if (error.status === 404) {
      return undefined;
    } else {
      throw error;
    }
  }
}

// This function will update a configuration variable (or create the variable if it doesn't already exist). For more information, see [AUTOTITLE](/actions/learn-github-actions/variables#defining-configuration-variables-for-multiple-workflows).
async function updateVariable({
  variableName,
  value,
  variableExists,
  repoOwner,
  repoName,
  octokit,
}) {
  if (variableExists) {
    await octokit.request(
      "PATCH /repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/variables/{name}",
      {
        owner: repoOwner,
        repo: repoName,
        name: variableName,
        value: value,
      }
    );
  } else {
    await octokit.request("POST /repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/variables", {
      owner: repoOwner,
      repo: repoName,
      name: variableName,
      value: value,
    });
  }
}

// This will execute the `checkAndRedeliverWebhooks` function.
(async () => {
  await checkAndRedeliverWebhooks();
})();

Probar el script

Puedes activar manualmente tu flujo de trabajo para probar el script. Para más información, consulta Ejecutar un flujo de trabajo manualmente y Uso de registros de flujo de trabajo.

Métodos alternativos

En este ejemplo se usan GitHub Actions para almacenar de forma segura las credenciales y ejecutar el script según una programación. Sin embargo, si prefieres ejecutar este script en el servidor que controla las entregas de webhook, puedes hacer lo siguiente:

  • Almacene las credenciales de otra manera segura, como un administrador de secretos, como Azure almacén de claves. También deberás actualizar el script para acceder a las credenciales desde su nueva ubicación.
  • Ejecuta el script según una programación en el servidor, por ejemplo, mediante un programador de tareas o un trabajo cron.
  • Actualiza el script para almacenar la última hora de ejecución en algún lugar al que el servidor pueda acceder y actualizar. Si decides no almacenar la última hora de ejecución como un secreto de GitHub Actions, no es necesario usar un personal access token, y puedes eliminar las llamadas a la API para acceder a la variable de configuración y actualizarla.