Email addresses reference

Find information about your email addresses on GitHub, including verification, privacy, and commit attribution.

In this article

Email verification restrictions

You cannot verify email addresses from disposable email address services (services that allow you to receive email at a temporary address that expires after a certain time). If you'd like to keep your email address private, you can use a GitHub-provided noreply email address. For more information, see Setting your commit email address.

If an organization you're a member of restricts email notifications to an approved email domain, you'll need to verify an email address in that domain to receive email notifications about activity in the organization. For more information, see Restricting email notifications for your organization.

Unverified email address restrictions

If you do not verify your email address, you cannot:

  • Create or fork repositories
  • Create issues or pull requests
  • Comment on issues, pull requests, or commits
  • Authorize OAuth app applications
  • Generate personal access tokens
  • Receive email notifications
  • Star repositories
  • Create or update projects
  • Create or update gists
  • Create or use GitHub Actions
  • Sponsor developers with GitHub Sponsors
  • Accept organization invitations

Email verification for managed user accounts

If you are a member of an enterprise with managed users and your account was created after August 1st, 2024, your email address is unverified by default.

Your noreply email address

Your noreply email address format depends on when you created your account and your email privacy settings:

  • If you created your account after July 18, 2017, your noreply email address is an ID number and your username in the form of ID+USERNAME@users.noreply.github.com.
  • If you created your account prior to July 18, 2017, and enabled Keep my email address private before that date, your noreply email address is USERNAME@users.noreply.github.com.
  • To get an ID-based noreply email address, select (or deselect and reselect) Keep my email address private in your email settings. If you use your noreply email address for GitHub to make commits and then change your username, those commits will not be associated with your account. This does not apply if you're using the ID-based noreply address from GitHub. For more information, see Changing your GitHub username.